Skeletal metastases from carcinoma of the gall bladder are rare, and majority of these are osteolytic. We report a case of purely osteoblastic metastases from carcinoma of the gall bladder.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

Objective : To prospectively evaluate the accuracy of transcerebellar diameter (TCD) in estimation of gestational age (GA), to study foetal cerebellar appearance on USG and its grading and to evaluate the ratio between transcerebellar diameter and abdominal circumference (AC) as a gestational age independent parameter. Material and Method : In 100 pregnant women between 16-40 weeks of gestation TCD, AC and TCD/AC ratio were recorded followed by the study of their predictive accuracy for GA. Simultaneously the US appearance of the cerebella were noted and grouped into 'three' grades. Result and Conclusion: TCD showed close correlation with gestational age and TCD/AC ratio was fairly constant irrespective of the gestational age and almost all fetuseswith TCD/AC ratio exceeding 2SD were reported to have asymmeteric intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR). In our study, cerebella in 46 percent, 25 percent and 29 percent cases were classified as grade I, II and III respectively and a progressive changeof grade I to grade III was noted with advancing gestation.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

Rhombencephalosynapsis is a rare posterior fossa malformation characterized by the absence of vermis and midline fusion of both cerebellar hemispheres. We report a live case of rhombencephalosynapsis diagnosed on Computed Tomography in a two monthsold boy, associated with other supra-tentorial anomalies. This case becomes unique in the aspect that it is the first case diagnosed on CT, as previous all cases were diagnosed on Magnetic Resonance imaging and antenatal Ultrasound.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

Objective : We prospectively compared echocontrast cystosonography (ECS) using 'agitated saline' with micturating cystourethrography (MCU) for the detection of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Subjects and methods : Fifty-one children (39 boys and 12 girls) ranging from nine days to twelve years underwent ECS followed by MCU for the evaluation of VUR. Both procedures were performed on the same day and by the same radiologist throughout the study. After confirming the absence of urinary infection, children were catheterized under strict aseptic conditions. Baseline renal and bladder sonograms were obtained. The bladder was filled to capacity by slow injection of normal saline. Five to ten ml of air was then injected to generate microbubbles 'in vivo'. The sonographic criteria used for the diagnosis of reflux were (1) increase in dilatation and (II) visualization of moving microbubbles within the collecting system. No attempt at grading the reflux was made. The findings were compared with the 'gold standard' micturating cystourethrogram. Results : Of the hundred kidney-ureter units studied, twenty-two showed reflux at MCU. ECS could detect reflux in twenty (100 percent of grade I, 67 percent of grade II, 86 percent of grade III, 100 percent of grade IV and V reflux) of these units. 'Visualization of moving microbubbles' as a sonographic criterion of reflux was 91 percent sensitive, 100 percent specific and 98 percent accurate, whereas 'increase in dilatation' was less sensitive (77 percent), specific (83 percent) and accurate (82 percent). Conclusion : ECS using 'agitated saline' is a sensitive, accurate and safe imaging technique for the detection of VUR. The 'visualization of moving microbubbles' within the collecting system is a definitive sonographic sign of reflux. The observation of 'increase in dilatation' alone should be viewed with suspicion. MCU continues to be the primary diagnostic tool in view of its ability to grade reflux and reveal bladder and urethral anatomy. Cystosonography obviatesexposure to radiation and is therefore recommended for follow-up examinations and screening of asymptomatic siblings.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the clinical profile, complications, site of involvement and response to therapy and interventional management of aortoarteritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS : 33 patients with Aortoarteritis were studied over a period of two years between Jan 2001 to Nov 2002. Data on clinical features, laboratory and angiographic findings, disease course, response to therapy and interventional management were all recorded and stored in a computer based retrieval system. RESULTS : In our series of 33 patients (21 female, 12 male) with angiographically diagnosed Aortoarteritis, females (63.64 percent) were most frequently affected. The median age of onset was 29 years. The clinical presentation ranged from asymptomatic to catastrophic with stroke. Patients had both non-vascular symptoms (fever 21.21 percent, arthralgia 9 percent) and symptom of vascular stenosis such as limb claudication (66.67 percent), headache (66.67 percent), and hypertension due to renal artery Stenosis (42 percent). All patients had either multiple vascular bruits (76 percent), absent pulses (18 percent), or asymmetric pulses (66.67 percent) and blood pressure differences greater than 10 mm hg between arm (66.67 percent). Laboratory findings included elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (87.88 percent), C-reactive protein (30.30 percent), one patient had Mantax test positive. However, E.S.R. was not a consistently reliable surrogate marker of the disease activity. Almost all patients had multiple sites of arterial involvement documented by angiogram with various combinations of stenosis, Luminal irregularity and aneurysm formation. Type IV (63.64 percent) (i.e. involvement of abdominal aorta and or renal arteries) was more commonly found in our study. Response to corticosteroid treatment was usually very good, with dramatic improvement in non-vascular symptoms. SIX patients underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty involving the abdominal aorta (2 cases), subclavian artery (3cases) and renal artery (lease). CONCLUSIONS : In central India, Aortoarteritis is a rare disease. However, Type IV is more common. It is heterogeneous in presentation, progression, and response to therapy. Current laboratory markers of disease activity are insufficiently reliable to guide management. Most patients require repeated and at times, prolonged course of therapy. After percutaneous transluminal, balloon angioplasty (P.T.A.) clinical parameters were normal. Although mortality was low, substantial morbidity occurred in most patients.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]    [CITATIONS]

An incomplete obstruction of the duodenum and proximal jejunum associated with malrotation and midgut volvulus shows a typical 'corkscrew or twisted ribbon appearance' on barium meal follow through examination. Barium enema confirms the malrotationwith a high, malplaced, subhepatic caecum. We would like to illustrate this sign with an example.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]   

[FULL TEXT]