http://www.ijri.org/currentissue.asp Indian J Radiol Imaging 2012 - 22(1) Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging Medknow Publications0971-3026 Bhavin Jankharia Editorial Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):1-1doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95394 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95394 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/1/95394 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/1/95394221 1 1 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/1/95394 Bhavin Jankharia

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):1-1

]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/1/95394 Harsh Mahajan Presidential Speech Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):2-3doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95395 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95395 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/2/95395 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/2/95395221 2 3 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/2/95395 Harsh Mahajan

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):2-3

]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/2/95395 Dandu Ravi Varma Computers in Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):4-13doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95396 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95396 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/4/95396 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/4/95396221 4 13 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/4/95396 Dandu Ravi Varma

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):4-13

All modalities in radiology practice have become digital, and therefore deal with DICOM images. Image files that are compliant with part 10 of the DICOM standard are generally referred to as "DICOM format files" or simply "DICOM files" and are represented as ".dcm." DICOM differs from other image formats in that it groups information into data sets. A DICOM file consists of a header and image data sets packed into a single file. The information within the header is organized as a constant and standardized series of tags. By extracting data from these tags one can access important information regarding the patient demographics, study parameters, etc. In the interest of patient confidentiality, all information that can be used to identify the patient should be removed before DICOM images are transmitted over a network for educational or other purposes. In addition to the DICOM format, the radiologist routinely encounters images of several file formats such as JPEG, TIFF, GIF, and PNG. Each format has its own unique advantages and disadvantages, which must be taken into consideration when images are archived, used in teaching files, or submitted for publication. Knowledge about these formats and their attributes, such as image resolution, image compression, and image metadata, helps the radiologist in optimizing the archival, organization, and display of images. This article aims to increase the awareness among radiologists regarding DICOM and other image file formats encountered in clinical practice. It also suggests several tips and tricks that can be used by the radiologist so that the digital potential of these images can be fully utilized for maximization of workflow in the radiology practice.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/4/95396 Suraj Mammen Shyamkumar N Keshava Vinu Moses Surendra Babu Santhosh Varughese Interventional Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):14-18doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95397 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95397 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/14/95397 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/14/95397221 14 18 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/14/95397 Suraj Mammen, Shyamkumar N Keshava, Vinu Moses, Surendra Babu, Santhosh Varughese

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):14-18

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The majority of patients with CKD stage 5 (CKD-5), who cannot undergo renal transplant, depend on maintenance hemodialysis by surgically created access sites. Native fistulae are preferred over grafts due to their longevity. More than half of these vital portals for dialysis access will fail over time. Screening procedures to select high-risk patients before thrombosis or stenosis appears have resulted in aggressive management. These patients are referred for angiographic evaluation and/or therapy. We present the patterns of dialysis-related interventions done in our institution.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/14/95397 Gianpaolo Carrafiello Anna Maria Ierardi Filippo Piacentino Larissa N Cardim Interventional Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):19-22doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95398 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95398 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/19/95398 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/19/95398221 19 22 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/19/95398 Gianpaolo Carrafiello, Anna Maria Ierardi, Filippo Piacentino, Larissa N Cardim

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):19-22

Biliary leakage is a known complication after biliary surgery. In this report, we describe an uncommon treatment of a common biliary complication, wherein we used percutaneous transhepatic injection of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) to treat a biliary leak in an 83-year-old patient.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/19/95398 Mario Corona Alessandro Cannavale Antonio Bruni Emanuele Boatta Massimiliano Allegritti Pierleone Lucatelli Fabrizio Fanelli Armando Pucci Carolina Paciotti Filippo Maria Salvatori Interventional Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):23-26doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95399 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95399 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/23/95399 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/23/95399221 23 26 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/23/95399 Mario Corona, Alessandro Cannavale, Antonio Bruni, Emanuele Boatta, Massimiliano Allegritti, Pierleone Lucatelli, Fabrizio Fanelli, Armando Pucci, Carolina Paciotti, Filippo Maria Salvatori

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):23-26

Percutaneous treatment has been developing as a reliable and effective alternative to surgery in the treatment of liver hydatid cysts. However, percutaneous treatment is strongly recommended only for some types of hydatid cysts (types I and II). We report a patient with type III (CE2, according to the WHO classification) multiple liver hydatid cysts treated with the PAIR (puncture-aspiration-injection-reaspiration) technique. The patient developed a secondary biliary fistula, which ultimately healed.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/23/95399 Priyank S Chatra Musculoskeletal Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):27-30doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95400 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95400 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/27/95400 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/27/95400221 27 30 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/27/95400 Priyank S Chatra

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):27-30

A bursa is a fluid-filled structure that is present between the skin and tendon or tendon and bone. The main function of a bursa is to reduce friction between adjacent moving structures. Bursae around the knee can be classified as those around the patella and those that occur elsewhere. In this pictorial essay we describe the most commonly encountered lesions and their MRI appearance.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/27/95400 Rajesh Botchu Aman Khan Kanagaratnam Jeyapalan Musculoskeletal Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):31-34doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95401 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95401 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/31/95401 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/31/95401221 31 34 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/31/95401 Rajesh Botchu, Aman Khan, Kanagaratnam Jeyapalan

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):31-34

USG has been used for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Scarring and incomplete decompression are the main causes for persistence or recurrence of symptoms. We performed a retrospective study to assess the role of ultrasound in failed carpal tunnel decompression. Of 422 USG studies of the wrist performed at our center over the last 5 years, 14 were for failed carpal tunnel decompression. Scarring was noted in three patients, incomplete decompression in two patients, synovitis in one patient, and an anomalous muscle belly in one patient. No abnormality was detected in seven patients. We present a pictorial review of USG findings in failed carpal tunnel decompression.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/31/95401 Alexis Lacout Mohamed Jarraya Pierre-Yves Marcy Juliette Thariat Robert Yves Carlier Musculoskeletal Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):35-39doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95402 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95402 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/35/95402 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/35/95402221 35 39 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/35/95402 Alexis Lacout, Mohamed Jarraya, Pierre-Yves Marcy, Juliette Thariat, Robert Yves Carlier

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):35-39

Myositis ossificans (MO) is an inflammatory pseudotumor of the muscle that may be mistaken clinically and even histologically for a malignant soft tissue tumor. The aim of this article is to report the imaging characteristics of MO, the emphasis being on the early diagnostic clues. USG can be used at an early stage to reveal the 'zone phenomenon,' which is highly suggestive of MO. A short course of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy may be an efficient treatment for early MO.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/35/95402 Prabhakar Rajiah Cardiac Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):40-46doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95403 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95403 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/40/95403 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/40/95403221 40 46 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/40/95403 Prabhakar Rajiah

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):40-46

Recent advances in scanner technology have enabled computed tomography (CT) scan to evolve into a valuable tool in the noninvasive evaluation of coronary artery disease. Due to its high negative predictive value, CT can act as a gatekeeper, determining which patients require cardiac catheterization. Although mainly used for the evaluation of coronary artery disease, cardiac CT is also useful in the evaluation of various non-coronary cardiac conditions involving the pericardium, pulmonary veins, and the coronary veins and valves, as well as in the assessment of cardiomyopathies, masses, and ventricular and valvular function. This review discusses and illustrates the various non-coronary applications of cardiac CT.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/40/95403 Chinmay Kulkarni Srikanth Moorthy KP Sreekumar R Rajeshkannan PK Nazar CJ Sandya S Sivasubramanian PV Ramchandran GI Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):47-53doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95404 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95404 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/47/95404 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/47/95404221 47 53 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/47/95404 Chinmay Kulkarni, Srikanth Moorthy, KP Sreekumar, R Rajeshkannan, PK Nazar, CJ Sandya, S Sivasubramanian, PV Ramchandran

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):47-53

Purpose: The purpose was to prospectively determine the sensitivity of 64-slice MDCT in detecting and diagnosing the cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleed (OGIB). Materials and Methods: Our study included 50 patients (male 30, female 20) in the age range of 3-82 years (average age: 58.52 years) who were referred to our radiology department as part of their workup for clinically evident gastrointestinal (GI) bleed or as part of workup for anemia (with and without positive fecal occult blood test). All patients underwent conventional upper endoscopy and colonoscopy before undergoing CT scan. Following a noncontrast scan, all patients underwent triple-phase contrast CT scan using a 64-slice CT scan system. The diagnostic performance of 64-slice MDCT was compared to the results of capsule endoscopy, 99m-technetium-labeled red blood cell scintigraphy (99mTc-RBC scintigraphy), digital subtraction angiography, and surgery whenever available. Results: CT scan showed positive findings in 32 of 50 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of MDCT for detection of bleed were 72.2%, 42.8%, 81.2%, and 44.4%, respectively. Capsule endoscopy was done in 15 patients and was positive in 10 patients; it had a sensitivity of 71.4%. Eleven patients had undergone 99mTc-RBC scintigraphy prior to CT scan, and the result was positive in seven patients (sensitivity 70%). Digital subtraction angiography was performed in only eight patients and among them all except one patient showed findings consistent with the lesions detected on MDCT. Conclusion: MDCT is a sensitive and noninvasive tool that allows rapid detection and localization of OGIB. It can be used as the first-line investigation in patients with negative endoscopy and colonoscopy studies. MDCT and capsule endoscopy have complementary roles in the evaluation of OGIB.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/47/95404 Bipin Valchandji Daga Vaibhav R Shah Rahul B More GI Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):54-57doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95405 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95405 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/54/95405 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/54/95405221 54 57 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/54/95405 Bipin Valchandji Daga, Vaibhav R Shah, Rahul B More

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):54-57

Hepatic adenoma is a well-defined, benign, solitary tumor of the liver. In individuals with glycogen storage disease I, adenoma tends to occur at a relatively younger age and can be multiple (adenomatosis). Imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosing hepatic adenoma and in differentiating adenoma from other focal hepatic lesions. Especially in patients with von Gierke disease, in addition to the associated hepatomegaly caused by steatohepatitis and the diffusely reduced attenuation of the liver parenchyma seen on CT, there may be more than one hepatic adenoma in up to 40% of patients. Malignant degeneration of hepatic adenoma into hepatocellular carcinoma can occur and hence imaging is important for prompt diagnosis of adenoma and its complications. In this case report, we present a case of liver adenoma diagnosed by CT scan in a patient with von Gierke disease.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/54/95405 Girish Bathla Sarika Gupta Cheng Kang Ong Neuroradiology and Head & Neck Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):58-62doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95406 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95406 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/58/95406 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/58/95406221 58 62 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/58/95406 Girish Bathla, Sarika Gupta, Cheng Kang Ong

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):58-62

Ollier disease (OD) is a subtype of enchondromatosis. Historically, it has been distinguished from Maffucci syndrome (MS) by the presence of vascular malformations and nonskeletal neoplasms (NSN) in the latter. However, there is an increasing number of reports of NSN in OD, and this categorization is now being questioned. We report a case of OD complicated by multifocal astrocytoma in a young patient, once again pointing to a possible association between OD and NSN. We also review the available literature and examine the similarities between the reported cases.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/58/95406 Manju Bala Popli Ashita Rastogi PJS Bhalla Yachna Solanki Neuroradiology and Head & Neck Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):63-68doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95407 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95407 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/63/95407 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/63/95407221 63 68 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/63/95407 Manju Bala Popli, Ashita Rastogi, PJS Bhalla, Yachna Solanki

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):63-68

Objective: The objective was to assess the utility of gray-scale USG to identify patterns of thyroid nodules and to correlate the characteristics of benign and malignant nodules with pathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: From September 2009 to August 2010, a total of 203 patients (17 males and 186 females), with 240 nodules detected at USG, were included in this study. The characteristics of each nodule were determined. The results were then compared with fine needle aspiration (FNA)/histopathological diagnosis. Results: Of the 240 nodules examined, 44 (18.33%) were found to be malignant on cytopathology. The malignant nodules demonstrated solid or predominantly solid composition (sensitivity 88.6%, specificity 53.5%); presence of microcalcification (sensitivity 65.9%, specificity 97.9%); irregular or poorly defined margins (sensitivity 84%, specificity 88.7%); anteroposterior (AP) diameter > transverse diameter (sensitivity 77.2%, specificity 80.1%); absent or thick incomplete halo (sensitivity 70.4%, specificity 65.8%); and markedly hypoechoic character (sensitivity 65.9%, specificity 84.6%). Among males, malignant nodules were found in 36.8%, whereas in females the occurrence was 16.7%. Conclusion: Gray-scale USG features of thyroid nodules are useful to distinguish patients with clinically significant thyroid nodules from those with innocuous nodules despite the overlap of findings. From our study, it is apparent that the USG findings of poorly defined margins, marked hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, and a taller-than-wider shape have a high diagnostic accuracy for identifying malignant thyroid nodules.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/63/95407 Sangeeta Taneja Amarnath Jena Syed. Mohd. Shuaib Zaidi Anuj Khurana Breast Radiology Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):69-73doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95408 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95408 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/69/95408 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/69/95408221 69 73 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/69/95408 Sangeeta Taneja, Amarnath Jena, Syed. Mohd. Shuaib Zaidi, Anuj Khurana

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):69-73

Introduction: Contralateral breast cancer can be synchronous and/or metachronous in patients with cancer of one breast. Detection of a synchronous breast cancer may affect patient management. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast (DCE-MRI) is a sensitive technique for detecting contralateral lesions occult on the other imaging modalities in women already diagnosed with cancer of one breast. Aim: The aim was to assess the incidence of mammographically occult synchronous contralateral breast cancer in patients undergoing MRI mammography for the evaluation of a malignant breast lesion. Materials and Methods: A total of 294 patients with recently diagnosed breast cancer who underwent MRI of the breast were evaluated for lesions in the opposite breast. Results: The incidence of synchronous contralateral malignancy detected by preoperative MRI mammography done for evaluation of extent of disease was 4.1%. Conclusion: Preoperative breast MRI may detect clinically and mammographically occult synchronous contralateral cancer, and can help the patient avoid an additional second surgery or a second course of chemotherapy later; also, as theoretically these lesions are smaller, there may be a survival benefit as well.]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/69/95408 Akshay Kumar Saxena Kushaljit Singh Sodhi Niranjan Khandelwal Letter to the Editor Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):74-74doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95409 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95409 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/74/95409 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/74/95409221 74 74 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/74/95409 Akshay Kumar Saxena, Kushaljit Singh Sodhi, Niranjan Khandelwal

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):74-74

]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/74/95409 Oktay Algin Evrim Ozmen Letter to the Editor Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):74-75doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95410 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95410 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/74/95410 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/74/95410221 74 75 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/74/95410 Oktay Algin, Evrim Ozmen

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):74-75

]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/74/95410 IK Indrajit Web Reviews Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):76-77doi:10.4103/0971-3026.95411 Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 10.4103/0971-3026.95411 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/76/95411 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/76/95411221 76 77 http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/76/95411 IK Indrajit

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2012 22(1):76-77

]]> Thu,26 Apr 2012http://www.ijri.org/text.asp?2012/22/1/76/95411